3
Health Beliefs Model (HBM)
Definition
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- Individual perceptions: Perceived vulnerability and perceived severity are components of the "perceived threat" of the health issue. For example, it concerns the evaluation of the targeted disease. These elements are the source of action. EX: Thinking that HIV is dangerous and one can die from it OR I am protecting myself so I have little chance of contracting HIV.
-Modification factors. In addition to demographic and socio-psychological factors considered within the HBM, internal factors (perceptions of threats generated by the disease emergence: media communication, social messages, information, events...) or external factors (behavior incentives, action triggers) are also included. For the latter, it can concern media communications, social messages, information, events... EX: Seeing an advertisement on social media that HIV creates many problems that negatively impact quality of life.
-Probability of action: Perceived benefits and perceived disadvantages (perceived barriers to action) : relate more to the evaluation of the behaviors necessary to prevent the disease and allow for ordering action. EX: Using a condom is a disadvantage because it decreases sensations.
Key points:
-It is one of the most widely used models in public health. This model was designed by social psychologists in the 1950s to predict health-related behaviors.
-A model by Rosenstock from 1966.
Limitations of the HBM:
- Methodological and theoretical weaknesses: Does not specify the relationships between various mediators (independence, interaction) nor between predictors and criteria.
- Abstracts from contextual factors such as family influence.
- Overlooks emotional factors(emotion-centered coping strategies...)
- One limitation that can be stated for both the HBM (Rosenstock, 1966) and the TPB (Ajzen, 1991) is that the "rational" calculation of costs and benefits underlying both models is conceived as occurring at an individual level.
3
Health Beliefs Model (HBM)
Definition
null
- Individual perceptions: Perceived vulnerability and perceived severity are components of the "perceived threat" of the health issue. For example, it concerns the evaluation of the targeted disease. These elements are the source of action. EX: Thinking that HIV is dangerous and one can die from it OR I am protecting myself so I have little chance of contracting HIV.
-Modification factors. In addition to demographic and socio-psychological factors considered within the HBM, internal factors (perceptions of threats generated by the disease emergence: media communication, social messages, information, events...) or external factors (behavior incentives, action triggers) are also included. For the latter, it can concern media communications, social messages, information, events... EX: Seeing an advertisement on social media that HIV creates many problems that negatively impact quality of life.
-Probability of action: Perceived benefits and perceived disadvantages (perceived barriers to action) : relate more to the evaluation of the behaviors necessary to prevent the disease and allow for ordering action. EX: Using a condom is a disadvantage because it decreases sensations.
Key points:
-It is one of the most widely used models in public health. This model was designed by social psychologists in the 1950s to predict health-related behaviors.
-A model by Rosenstock from 1966.
Limitations of the HBM:
- Methodological and theoretical weaknesses: Does not specify the relationships between various mediators (independence, interaction) nor between predictors and criteria.
- Abstracts from contextual factors such as family influence.
- Overlooks emotional factors(emotion-centered coping strategies...)
- One limitation that can be stated for both the HBM (Rosenstock, 1966) and the TPB (Ajzen, 1991) is that the "rational" calculation of costs and benefits underlying both models is conceived as occurring at an individual level.
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