-subsistence form of production = only needed goods and products in order to live no profit. Things started to change with the Tudors, an exodus of rural people in cities. Possibility to enclosure the field turning the arable lands into pastures. It leads to rebellion = the Keats rebellion = expropriation of the peasants of their lands by rich owners.

-The convergence between the accumulation of capital in the part of the merchants in the Industrial Revolution with the industry. The rationalisation = brand new attitude towards production and making money = started in the second phase of the IR The accumulation of Capital landed power = not only aristocracy but also gentry with the Tudor age

The spinning Jenny (Hargreaves 1764) = Can produce a great deal in a shortened amount of time if you can afford the machine. The steam engine (James Watt, 1763-1775) =General purpose technology, the uses way beyond the necessity in the time of the creator = gave life to many others inventions later

-The Agricultural Revolution in Britain proved to be a major turning point, allowing population to far exceed earlier peaks and sustain the country’s rise to industrial preeminence. It is estimated that total agricultural output grew 2.7-fold between 1700 and 1870 and output per worker at a similar rate. The Agricultural Revolution gave Britain the most productive agriculture in Europe, with 19th-century yields as much as 80% higher than the Continental average. -The increase in the food supply contributed to the rapid growth of population in England and Wales, from 5.5 million in 1700 to over 9 million by 1801, although domestic production gave way increasingly to food imports in the 19th century as population more than tripled to over 32 million. -The rise in productivity accelerated the decline of the agricultural share of the labor force, adding to the urban workforce on which industrialization depended. The Agricultural Revolution has therefore been cited as a cause of the Industrial Revolution. As enclosure deprived many of access to land or left farmers with plots too small and of poor quality, increasing numbers of workers had no choice but migrate to the city. However, mass rural flight did not take place until the Industrial Revolution was already underway. -The most important development between the 16th century and the mid-19th century was the development of private marketing. By the 19th century, marketing was nationwide and the vast majority of agricultural production was for market rather than for the farmer and his family. -The next stage of development was trading between markets, requiring merchants, credit and forward sales, and knowledge of markets and pricing as well as of supply and demand in different markets. Eventually the market evolved into a national one driven by London and other growing cities. Commerce was aided by the expansion of roads and inland waterways. -With the development of regional markets and eventually a national market aided by improved transportation infrastructures, farmers were no longer dependent on their local markets. This freed them from having to lower prices in an oversupplied local market and the inability to sell surpluses to distant localities experiencing shortages. They also became less subject to price fixing regulations. Farming became a business rather than solely a means of subsistence.