The lungs are spongy, elastic structures that consist of lobes. The right lung is divided into three lobes, while the left lung has two to make room for the heart. They are covered by a membrane called pleura that protects them and facilitates their movement during breathing.
Définitions
Definitions
Lungs
The lungs are essential respiratory organs located on either side of the heart in the chest cavity. They are responsible for vital gas exchange, absorbing oxygen from the surrounding air and removing carbon dioxide from the body.
Respiration
Respiration is the process by which organisms inhale oxygen needed for survival and exhale carbon dioxide produced as a metabolic waste.
Alveoli
Alveoli are small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. They are numerous and provide a large surface area for efficient gas transfer.
Anatomy of the lungs
Mechanism of respiration
Breathing involves several phases: inhalation and exhalation. During inhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, increasing the volume of the rib cage, which reduces the pressure in the lungs relative to the atmosphere, causing air to enter.
During exhalation, these muscles relax, compressing the rib cage and expelling air. This process is essential to maintain an adequate concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
Functions of the lungs
- Gas exchange: The lungs absorb oxygen from the air and release carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism.
- Maintaining acid-base balance: By regulating the level of carbon dioxide in the blood, the lungs help maintain blood pH.
- Filtration: They help filter out small gas embolisms and pathogens.
- Blood reserve: The lungs serve as a reservoir for blood, helping to circulate blood when needed.
To remember :
The lungs are vital organs for respiration and gas exchange. Their complex structure allows for a large surface area for oxygen absorption and carbon dioxide removal. Good lung health is essential for maintaining acid-base balance and supporting other essential bodily functions. A proper understanding of how they work and how to protect them is crucial for maintaining overall health.
