1. Arbitrary

-No intrinsic or distinct connection between the words and how it is used (function)

2. Duality

Two levels of Structure

sound (lower level).

 meaning (higher level)

Pragmatics - use of the language in a community.

-How language is wed by a particular speech community.

3.Creativity-used to send messages that we haven't heard before

-you can expand the language by adding adjectives

4. Displacement-human languages enable the users to symbolize objects, events, and concepts that are not prevent in time at the moment of communication.

-human language is stimulus Free. What we are talking about need to be triggered by any external stimulus in the world.

5. Cultural transmission- language is culturally transmitted.

-Transmitting language from one generation to the next through learning..

Discreet Sounds in human language are different from one another.

1. Ideational functions- experiences.

2. Interpersonal function- Social relationships

3. Textual function- relevance to context

1. Informative

-convey messages

-use of declarative sentence

-proposition of the true of police value of a language

2. Interpersonal

-The relevance of sociological relationships

-Functional grammar- this is a discourse situation and that the addresses attitude towards what he speaks in all about.

3. Reformative Function

-originates from Austin and Searle

-Searle and Austin, their theory serves as the backbone of pragmatics. There is an act

4. Emotive Function

-The morphe on the change of the emotional state of on audience.

5. Phatic/phatic communion

- social communication / interaction of language

-small, meaningless topic just to maintain a comfortable relationship without involving factual content.

6. Recreational

-use language for the sheer joy of using it.

7. Metalingual

- Language can be wed to talk about itself.