Forced Oscillations
Definition
Definition
Forced oscillations refer to an oscillatory motion that is caused by the action of an external force.
In the field of physics, oscillations are found in many systems, such as pendulums, springs, or electrical circuits. These systems are characterized by their ability to oscillate around an equilibrium position. When an external force is applied to these systems, they enter into forced oscillation.
The external force can be periodic, meaning it repeats at regular intervals over time. A common example is that of a pendulum subjected to small regular jolts. The external force can also be non-periodic, as when a system is pushed once and then allowed to behave freely.
Definition
Resonance
When the frequency of the external force is close to the natural frequency of the oscillating system, a phenomenon called resonance occurs. In this case, the amplitude of the forced oscillations reaches a maximum, amplifying the effect of the external force.
Resonance is an important phenomenon in many fields, from engineering to music. For example, in bridge construction, it is essential to account for resonance in order to avoid excessive vibrations that could cause structural failures.
Definition
Damping
In certain situations, forced oscillations can be gradually attenuated due to the presence of damping. Damping can be caused by friction or resistance in the oscillating system.
Damping affects forced oscillations by limiting the amplitude of the oscillations and altering the phase in relation to the external force. This means that the system's response can be out of phase with the applied force.
