The Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that was enforced in South Africa from 1948 to 1994. It was implemented by the National Party government to maintain control and dominance of the white minority over the non-white majority.
During the Apartheid era, various laws and policies were put in place to enforce racial separation and inequality. These laws affected every aspect of life, including education, housing, employment, and social interactions.
Definitions
Racial Classification
Under Apartheid, individuals were classified into different racial groups: White, Black, Coloured, and Indian. This classification determined their legal rights, opportunities, and social status.
Separate Amenities Act
The Separate Amenities Act enforced the segregation of public facilities such as parks, toilets, schools, and hospitals. Each racial group had separate amenities of differing quality, with the best resources reserved for white individuals.
Pass Laws
Pass Laws required non-white individuals to carry identification documents (passes) at all times. These passes restricted their movement and made it difficult for them to travel, reside, or work in certain areas without permission.
Bantu Education Act
The Bantu Education Act established separate and inferior educational systems for non-white students. This act aimed to limit access to quality education for black individuals, resulting in inadequate resources and limited opportunities for advancement.
The Apartheid system led to widespread social and economic inequality, as well as human rights abuses. The African National Congress (ANC) and other anti-Apartheid activist groups fought against this oppressive system through non-violent protests, boycotts, and international advocacy.
In the early 1990s, negotiations between the ANC and the South African government led to the end of Apartheid. Nelson Mandela, an ANC leader and anti-Apartheid icon, became the country's first democratically-elected black president in 1994.