LES TEMPS

Présent

Simple present

• Sujet + bv
• Habitude, vérité générale

Exemple : She works everyday.

Present continuous

• Sujet + BE + V-ing
• Action en cours, temporaire

Exemple : She is working now.

Present perfect

• Sujet + HAVE / HAS + vb au participé passé
• Action passée liée au présent, conséquences sur le présent

Exemple : She has finished her work.

Present Perfect Continuous

• Sujet + HAVE / HAS been + V-ing
• Action commencée dans le passé et encore en cours

Exemple : She has been working since 9.

Passé

Preterit (passé simple)

• Sujet + BV + -ed / forme irrégulière
• Action passée, datée, terminée

Exemple : She learnt Spanish at school.

Preterit -ing (imparfait)

• Sujet + BE + V-ing
• Action en cours à un moment du passé, action antérieure en cours quand survient une autre action

Exemple : I was listening to you ! / I was showering when you arrived.

Used to / Would

• Sujet + USED TO / WOULD + bv
• Habitude ou état passé révolu

Exemple : She used to smoke. / I would accept the offer if I were you.

Past Perfect Simple

• Sujet + HAD + vb au participe passé
• Résultat d'une action terminée

Exemple : He said that he had had an accident.

Past Perfect Progressif

• Sujet + HAD BEEN + V-ing
• Action en cours ou qui vient de s'achever

Exemple : We had been driving for 6 hours.

Futur

Futur simple

• Sujet + WILL + bv
• Futur neutre, certitude, décision instantanée

Exemple : I will call you later.

Be going to

• Sujet + BE + GOING TO + bv
• Intention, conséquence logique

Exemple : It is going to rain.

Be about to

• Sujet + BE + ABOUT TO + bv
• Habitude ou état passé révolu

Exemple : He is about to leave.

To be to do

• Sujet + BE + to + bv
• Devoir, destinée

Exemple : The president is to visit London / He was to die young.

LES MODAUX

Can/Could

• Sujet + CAN / COULD + bv
• Capacité, permission, possibilité

Exemple : She can swim. / It could rain later.

May/Might

• Sujet + MAY / MIGHT + bv
• Possibilité, supposition

Exemple : It may rain. / He might have forgotten your birthday.

Must

• Sujet + MUST + bv
• Obligation, forte probabilité

Exemple :You must study.

Shall/Should

• Sujet + SHALL / SHOULD + bv
• Conseil, obligation morale

Exemple : I shall return soon. / You should rest.

Will / Would

• Sujet + WILL / WOULD + bv
• Volonté, hypothèse

Exemple : She will help you. / He would help if he could.

Need / Ought to / Had better

• Sujet + NEED / OUGHT TO / HAD BETTER + bv
• Obligation douce, conseil.

Exemple : You need to study more. / You ought to apologize to her. / You had better leave now before it gets dark.