★ Social Movements is a large group of people who work together over time to bring change in society. This change can be about laws, social behavior, or people's rights. Social movements often focus on important issues like equality, the environment or education

➜ A group of people working together to fight climate change

★ Collective Action is when many people join together to achieve the same goal, instead of acting alone, they cooperate and support each other to make a stronger impact

➜ Students organizing together to ask for better school facilities

★ Protest is a public action where people show that they disagree with something. It can be peaceful (marches, signs, speeches) or sometimes more direct (strikes, sit-ins)

➜ People marching in the streets to demand equal rights

★ An activist is a person who takes action to create change in society. Activists may speak, organize events or use media to raise awareness about problems

➜ A person who speaks publicly about protecting the environment

★ Campaign like a planned series of activities designed to achieve a specific goal. Campaigns can include advertising, events, petitions or social media actions

➜ An online campaign to stop plastic pollution

★ Justice means fairness and equal treatment for all people. It is the idea that everyone should have the same rights and be treated in a fair and respectful way

➜ Making sure all people have access to education and healthcare

★ Inequality is a situation where people do not have the same opportunities, rights or ressources .Some people may have more advantages than others

➜ When some communities have better schools than others

❖ Grammar Focus

★ Present Simple Grammar Focus : We use the present simple to talk about facts, general truths, habits, and things that happen regularly

➜ Structure : subject + base verb (add -s / -es for he, she, it)

✦ Examples

➜ People protest for their rights

➜ Many students support equality

➜ She works in a community center

✦ How to form the Present Simple

➜ Step 1 - Start with the subject ➞ You / We / They / He / She / It

➜ Step 2 - Add the verb ➞ For You / We / They, use base verb (I work, you study, they protest...)

⇾ For- He / She / It ➞ add -s or -es (He works, she studies (study → studies), it rains...)

✦ Rules

➜ Most verbs ➞ add -s ➞ works, plays

➜ Verbs ending in -y ➞ change to -ies ➞ studies

➜ Verbs ending in -sh, -ch, -x, -o ➞ add -es ➞ watches, goes

✦ Examples

➜ People protest for their rights (plural → no -s on the verb)

➜ Many students support equality (plural → no -s)

➜ She works in a community center (he/she → +s)

★ Present Continuous : We use the present continuous to talk about actions happening now or around the present moment

➜ Structure : subject + am / is / are + verb (-ing)

✦ Examples

➜ Students are organizing a campaign

➜ Young people are raising awareness

➜ She is helping migrants today

✦ How to form the Present Continuous

➜ Step 1- Subject + « to be » ➞ I am / He / She / It is / You / We / They are

➜ Step 2 - Add verb + ing ➞ (organizing ➞ are organizing) or (helping ➞ is helping)

✦ Examples

➜ Students are organizing a campaign.

➜ Students = plural ➞ are + verb-ing